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The Mall (Cleveland)
The Cleveland Mall is a long public park in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. It was conceived as part of the 1903 Group Plan by Daniel Burnham, John Carrère, and Arnold Brunner〔(Cleveland's Group Plan ), conference paper by Arnold Brunner, June 1916.〕 as a vast public space flanked by the city's major civic and governmental buildings, all built in the neoclassical style. Many of those buildings were built over the following three decades, including the Metzenbaum Courthouse (1910), Cuyahoga County Courthouse (1912), Cleveland City Hall (1916), Public Auditorium (1922), the Cleveland Public Library main building (1925), and the Cleveland Public Schools Board of Education building (1931).〔("Public art warps reality on Cleveland mall" ), ''The Plain Dealer'', October 1, 2004. Accessed October 8, 2006.〕 Other buildings include Key Tower, the Global Center for Health Innovation, the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.〔(Mall Lakefront Site ), Cleveland City Planning Commission. Accessed October 8, 2006.〕
In the spirit of the City Beautiful movement, formerly seedy areas were transformed into a "magnificent civic center", which was supposed to be crowned by the Union Terminal at the north end of the mall, on the shores of Lake Erie. However, the location of the station was eventually moved south and west, to Public Square, where it was finally born as the Terminal Tower.〔Leedy, Walter. ("Cleveland's Terminal Tower - The Van Sweringens' Afterthought" ). Accessed October 6, 2006.〕 Even though the plan was never fully carried out, it was one of the few City Beautiful plans to be realized to a large extent, and remains one of the most complete examples in the United States.〔Lawrence, Michael G. ''Make No Little Plans'', Western Reserve Historical Society, 1980. ISBN 978-0-911704-24-2〕 The Mall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975,〔 and the Cleveland Restoration Society is pursuing a National Historic Landmark designation.〔(Cleveland Restoration Society - Current Advocacy Efforts ). Accessed 2007-04-25. 〕
The Mall is divided into three sections, known as Malls A, B, and C. Mall A, the southernmost, is officially named Veterans' Memorial Plaza,〔("GCVM History and Mission" ), Greater Cleveland Veterans Memorial. Accessed October 8, 2006.〕 and Mall C was dedicated as Strawbridge Plaza in 2003.〔( From parking lot to park ), EcoCity Cleveland. Accessed October 9, 2006.〕 The Memorial Plaza, which borders St. Clair Avenue, is the site of the Fountain of Eternal Life, also known as the War Memorial Fountain. The Cleveland Convention Center was built underneath Malls B and C in 1964. In 2010 the county purchased the underground convention center from the city as part of a project to completely rebuild it in conjunction with constructing the Global Center for Health Innovation and the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel on the former site of the Cuyahoga County Administration Building across from Mall B. The new convention center opened in 2013 and has underground connections to Public Auditorium and the Global Center for Health Innovation. The Hilton is scheduled to open by Summer 2016. Mall B and Mall C reopened after construction as predominantly grassy areas, with Mall B reaching 27 feet above sidewalk level over the entrance to the Cleveland Convention Center along Lakeside Avenue.
==Public art==
Cleveland Public Art has sponsored a series of temporary public art installations on Mall B. In 2004, New York artist Brian Tolle installed ''For the gentle wind doth move Silently, invisibly''. The work featured eight nine-foot-tall styrofoam neoclassical urns standing atop pedestals, warped to reflect actual wind data collected from Lake Erie.〔 The sculptures were taken down in 2006. In May 2008, Peter North and Alissa North of North Design Office in Toronto installed a work titled ''The Verdant Walk''. It features plantings of native grasses and seven fabric-covered sculptures. The sculptures are illuminated at night via a solar-powered LED system. They will remain in place until 2010.
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